Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Eating Pattern in First and Second-Time Denture Wearers: A Prospective 60 Days (2 Months) Pilot Study

Elderly individuals with extensive tooth loss preferentially consume soft, easier to chew foods which have a low nutrient density. The purpose of this study was to suggest that every complete denture wearer has to be periodically counseled by a registered Dietician and Dentist for check up to avoid malnutrition and disease. Fourteen patients were selected for this study. Seven of them with four or five teeth remaining without any functional units and seven patients who were known cases of complete denture wearers with ill-fitting or worn out dentures. The results of the study analyzed the change in eating pattern and hence the nutritional status of two groups of edentulous subjects; Group I (patients who underwent a recent transition from partially edentulous state to a completely edentulous state), and Group II (known complete denture wearers for five to ten years). Clinical examination of Group I showed an improvement, by, the decrease in percentages in both the paleness of the conjunctiva and nails of the selected patients. In Group II, there was a significant change in anthropometry and iron intake and the clinical examination showed positive changes in the patient's normal appearance, eyes and nails. Paired sample statistics between both the groups evaluated significant changes in energy, iron and vitamin C intakes in the dietary assessment chart. The general questionnaire assessment showed an improvement in the eating pattern of both the groups, which, may definitely account for a positive change in the nutritional status of the participants later. This study emphasizes that every complete denture wearer needs to be periodically counseled by a registered dietician and dentist for checkup to avoid malnutrition and disease.     

生长贴联合营养干预指导对儿童生长发育及营养状况的影响

目的探讨生长贴联合营养干预指导对儿童生长发育及营养状况的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2017年12月浙江省台州医院儿科就诊的健康儿童80例,随机分为指导组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。两组儿童予以常规育儿指导及营养指导。对照组儿童在此基础上予以个体化营养指导,指导组儿童在对照组基础上予以生长贴治疗,两组均干预6个月。观察两组儿童干预前后生长发育指标及营养状况指标变化,并比较营养性疾病总发生率。结果干预6个月后,指导组儿童身高和体重均较干预前明显上升(P0.05),且指导组儿童上升幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);指导组儿童血清铁、锌及血红蛋白水平均较干预前明显上升(P0.05),且指导组儿童上升幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);同时指导组儿童营养性疾病的总发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.110,P0.05)。结论生长贴联合营养干预指导不仅可促进儿童的生长发育,改善其营养状况,而且可降低儿童营养性疾病的总发生率,预防儿童营养性疾病的发生。     

口服营养补充对食管癌根治术后出院患者营养状况影响的研究

目的研究口服营养补充(ONS)对食管癌根治术后出院患者营养状况的影响。方法选择2018年1至12月在如皋市人民医院胸外科行食管癌根治术的患者68例,随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组给予常规经口进食,实验组在对照组的基础上,将上下午的加餐改为口服营养补充剂,供能500kcal/d。对比1个月后两组患者的体重变化率、PG-SGA评分和相关实验室营养指标差异。结果实验组患者出院后1个月体重变化率为正值且明显高于对照组[(-4.35±4.69)vs(2.65±3.21)],PG-SGA评分[(6.5±2.9)vs(5.0±2.3)]、血清总蛋白[(61.4±3.1)vs(63.9±4.0)]、血清白蛋白[(36.3±3.7)vs(38.5±2.7)]、前白蛋白[(173.2±30.0)vs(196.5±33.6)]各参数间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对食管癌根治术后出院患者实施口服营养补充,能够增加患者的体重、改善其营养指标以及降低其营养不良的风险,是一种方便、有效的营养干预方法。     

老年人营养风险指数对胰十二指肠切除术患者术后并发症的预测价值

  目的  分析老年人营养风险指数对胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy, PD)患者术后并发症的预测价值,旨在为临床老年PD患者围术期的治疗提供借鉴。  方法  选取2018年12月—2019年12月上海交通大学附属瑞金医院胰腺中心收治的择期行胰十二指肠切除术(PD)的120例老年患者纳入研究,收集纳入患者的临床及随访资料。  结果  (1) 120例老年PD患者按照术后并发症发生与否分为并发症发生组(49例)和无并发症发生组(71例);(2)单因素分析结果显示,老年人营养风险指数(GNRI)、糖尿病史、白蛋白、体重指数、手术时间是老年PD患者术后并发症发生的危险因素;(3)Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,低GNRI、有糖尿病史以及手术时间长是老年PD患者术后并发症发生的独立危险因素;(4)GNRI预测老年PD患者术后并发症发生的灵敏度为83.26%,特异度为75.25%,阳性预测值为58.96%,阴性预测值为92.86%,曲线下面积为0.801(P=0.003),临界值为88.7。  结论  GNRI是临床老年PD患者术后并发症发生的独立危险因素,及时、全面、准确、有效的术前营养筛查对于老年PD患者术后并发症的发生具有较好的预测价值,可在临床推广应用。      

Impact of individualized nutritional counseling on infant and young child feeding practices

BackgroundImproper complementary feeding practices are common in India, thus leading to malnutrition. The objective was to compare complementary feeding practices of mothers with children aged between 6 months and 2 years before and after individualized nutritional counseling.MethodsThis before-and-after interventional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital between June 2018 and August 2018 on 30 mothers attending an immunization clinic. Feeding practices were assessed using interview techniques with the Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India Maharashtra checklist for Complementary Food Counseling (Diet Audit), and scoring was carried out. Baseline data included history of inclusion of items from food groups such as cereals; pulses; vitamins A, C, and D; vegetables/fruits; milk/dairy products; non-vegetarian items; and iron-rich foods; and consumption of baby feeds and junk foods. Individualized counseling was given to all study subjects, which lasted for 30–40 min. Models of various food items were shown to mothers. Feeding practices were reassessed after 4 weeks of one-to-one counseling.ResultsFeeding by mothers improved significantly in the form of items from the total number of groups from 4.3 (1.4) to 5.6 (1.3) after nutritional counseling (p: 0.001). Consumption of junk foods decreased significantly from 4.3 (2.8) to 2.6 (1.8; p: 0.001) and baby foods decreased from 0.8 (0.7) to 0.2 (0.4; p: 0.001).ConclusionIndividualized nutritional counseling of mothers can improve complementary feeding practices and ensure food diversification.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

门诊糖尿病患者饮食控制现状的调查研究

目的了解门诊糖尿病患者饮食控制现状。方法方便取样调查60例门诊糖尿病患者3d的饮食热量控制、膳食结构和饮食行为。结果40例患者填写的问卷有效,日均饮食总热量理想9例(22.5%),不足16例(40.0%),过多15例(37.5%)。总热量与年龄、病程、睡前加餐热比呈正相关。超重者总热量控制不如体重正常和肥胖者(P<0.05)。碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质占总热量的比例分别为47.0%±9.0%、35.3%±8.5%、17.6%±3.4%。碳水化合物比例与在外就餐频率有关,脂肪比例与每天食用油量呈正相关,与每天蔬菜食用量呈负相关。结论门诊糖尿病患者饮食总热量不足和过多同时存在,三大营养素比例不合理问题突出。肥胖者饮食控制较好,超重者的饮食控制问题较为突出。     

须根自然腐解对滇重楼生长及其活性成分含量的影响

目的 研究添加外源性须根在自然腐解条件下对滇重楼生长发育和入药品质的影响。方法 通过室温盆栽试验,研究不同须根施用量自然腐解对滇重楼根系菌根侵染率、生理生化指标以及重楼皂苷含量的影响。结果 施加不同须根量自然腐解处理对滇重楼根系丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的侵染率无显著性影响,与侵染强度存在部分显著性差异;滇重楼叶片光合色素含量随须根施用量的增加显著降低,叶绿素总量最大降幅达78.7%;滇重楼叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量总体呈上升趋势,3种保护酶活性反应程度不同,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大增幅达181.6%和200.0%;在滇重楼根系中上述6种成分含量有不同程度减少,过氧化物酶和丙二醛最大降幅达44.6%和69.7%;不同须根处理会降低滇重楼活性成分的含量,4种皂苷总含量降幅最大达58.9%,总皂苷含量最大降幅达46.9%。结论 须根自然腐解会影响滇重楼的根系土壤微生物环境、减少滇重楼叶片光合色素含量和破坏滇重楼细胞稳定性等,干扰滇重楼的生长发育,降低其药用成分含量,导致滇重楼发生连作障碍。     

基于舌象参数与多指标特征联合的2型糖尿病风险预测模型

目的:将舌象参数与基本生理指标相结合,运用机器学习算法建立糖尿病风险预测模型。方法:应用TDA-1型数字舌象仪和舌诊分析系统获取舌象参数,分析糖尿病前期组与糖尿病组基本生理指标、实验室检查与舌象参数统计学差异,借助4种经典算法建立糖尿病风险预测模型。结果:生理指标与舌象参数联合特征支持向量机糖尿病前期预测模型性能最佳,F1为0.81,Precision为0.71,Recall为0.94。生理指标与舌象参数联合特征神经网络2型糖尿病预测模型曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.83,Precision为0.73。结论:将基本生理指标与舌象参数特征结合可以提高支持向量机糖尿病前期预测模型和神经网络2型糖尿病风险预测模型的分类效果,符合临床对于2型糖尿病风险预测的实际需要。     

须根水提液对白花丹参种子萌发幼苗光合作用及次生代谢的影响

目的:研究不同浓度白花丹参须根水提液对种子萌发、幼苗光合作用及次生代谢物质积累的影响,以期为白花丹参连作障碍的消减提供参考。方法:设置不同浓度白花丹参须根水提液处理组,测定不同处理组种子萌发率、幼苗多酚氧化酶活性、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量;利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定幼苗中水溶性及脂溶性有效物质含量。结果:白花丹参须根水提液低浓度对种子萌发有促进作用,高浓度有抑制作用;与对照组相比,处理组幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均有不同程度下降;对照组多酚氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖总量分别比白花丹参须根水提液处理后低7.86%、8.47%、14.33%,但处理后幼苗水溶性有效成分(丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸)及脂溶性有效成分(二氢丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、隐丹参酮)含量积累量均高于对照组。结论:白花丹参须根水提液通过影响种子的萌发率、抑制幼苗的光合作用、促进次生代谢产物积累影响丹参的产量及品质。